BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  27
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
500 AM AST Wed Sep 29 2021

...AIR FORCE HURRICANE HUNTERS FIND SAM FLUCTUATING IN STRENGTH...


SUMMARY OF 500 AM AST...0900 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...18.9N 56.2W
ABOUT 455 MI...730 KM E OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...130 MPH...215 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...NW OR 310 DEGREES AT 9 MPH...15 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...950 MB...28.06 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 500 AM AST (0900 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 18.9 North, longitude 56.2 West. Sam is moving toward
the northwest near 9 mph (15 km/h), and this general motion with an
increase in forward speed is expected during the next couple of
days.  A turn toward the north is forecast by Friday.  On the
forecast track, Sam will pass well to the east and northeast of
the northern Leeward Islands through tonight.

Data from an Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter aircraft indicate 
that the maximum sustained winds are near 130 mph (215 km/h) with 
higher gusts.  Sam is a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson
Hurricane Wind Scale.  Some fluctuations in intensity are expected
during the next couple of days, but Sam is forecast to remain a
major hurricane through late this week.

Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 40 miles (65 km) from the
center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 125 miles
(205 km).

The latest minimum central pressure estimated from reconnaissance 
aircraft data is 950 mb (28.06 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
Key messages for Sam can be found in the Tropical Cyclone
Discussion under AWIPS header MIATCDAT3 and WMO header WTNT43 KNHC.

SURF:  Swells generated by Sam will impact the Lesser Antilles
during the next several days.  Swells are expected to reach Bermuda
and the Bahamas in a day or two, and then spread to the United
States east coast by this weekend.  These swells could cause
life-threatening surf and rip current conditions.  Please consult
products from your local weather office.

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  24
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
1100 AM AST Tue Sep 28 2021

...SAM REMAINS A POWERFUL CATEGORY 4 HURRICANE OVER THE TROPICAL
ATLANTIC...


SUMMARY OF 1100 AM AST...1500 UTC...INFORMATION
-----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...17.5N 54.3W
ABOUT 580 MI...935 KM E OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...130 MPH...215 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...NW OR 305 DEGREES AT 8 MPH...13 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...952 MB...28.12 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 1100 AM AST (1500 UTC), the eye of Hurricane Sam was located near 
latitude 17.5 North, longitude 54.3 West. Sam is moving toward the 
northwest near 8 mph (13 km/h) and this motion with an increase in 
forward is expected during the next couple of days.  A turn toward 
the north is forecast to occur by Friday.  On the forecast track, 
Sam will pass well to the east of the northern Leeward Islands 
through Wednesday.

Maximum sustained winds remain near 130 mph (215 km/h) with higher 
gusts.  Sam is a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson 
Hurricane Wind Scale.   Some fluctuations in intensity are expected 
during the next couple of days, but Sam is forecast to remain a 
major hurricane through late this week.

Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 40 miles (65 km) from the
center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 140 miles
(220 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 952 mb (28.12 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
Key messages for Sam can be found in the Tropical Cyclone
Discussion under AWIPS header MIATCDAT3 and WMO header WTNT43 KNHC.

SURF:  Swells generated by Sam will impact the Lesser Antilles
during the next several days.  Swells are expected to reach Bermuda
and the Bahamas in a couple of days, and then spread to the United
States east coast late this week.  These swells could cause
life-threatening surf and rip current conditions.  Please consult
products from your local weather office.

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  21
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
500 PM AST Mon Sep 27 2021

...SAM BEGINNING TO REGROUP AFTER WEAKENING...
...SOME REINTENSIFICATION EXPECTED THROUGH TONIGHT...


SUMMARY OF 500 PM AST...2100 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...16.3N 52.7W
ABOUT 700 MI...1125 KM E OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...120 MPH...195 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...NW OR 315 DEGREES AT 9 MPH...15 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...957 MB...28.26 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 500 PM AST (2100 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 16.3 North, longitude 52.7 West. Sam is moving toward
the northwest near 9 mph (15 km/h), and this motion is expected to
continue for the next few days, with an increase in forward speed
beginning on Thursday.  A turn to the north is expected by Friday.
On the forecast track, Sam will pass well to the northeast of the
northern Leeward Islands Wednesday and Thursday.

An Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter aircraft indicates that the 
maximum sustained winds are near 120 mph (195 km/h) with higher 
gusts.  Sam is a category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson 
Hurricane Wind Scale.  Some strengthening is expected through 
tonight. Thereafter, fluctuations in intensity are possible through 
Thursday.

Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 30 miles (45 km) from the
center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 105 miles
(165 km).

The minimum central pressure measured by the aircraft is 957 mb 
(28.26 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
Key messages for Sam can be found in the Tropical Cyclone
Discussion under AWIPS header MIATCDAT3 and WMO header WTNT43 KNHC.

SURF:  Swells generated by Sam will impact the Lesser Antilles for
the next several days.  Swells are expected to reach Bermuda and the
Bahamas mid-to-late week, and then spread to the United States east
coast late this week.  These swells could cause life-threatening
surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your
local weather office.

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  19
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
500 AM AST Mon Sep 27 2021

...SAM EXPECTED TO REMAIN A MAJOR HURRICANE FOR SEVERAL DAYS...
...HURRICANE HUNTER AIRCRAFT TO INVESTIGATE SAM LATER TODAY...


SUMMARY OF 500 AM AST...0900 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...15.2N 51.4W
ABOUT 800 MI...1290 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...130 MPH...215 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...NW OR 315 DEGREES AT 8 MPH...13 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...952 MB...28.12 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 500 AM AST (0900 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located 
near latitude 15.2 North, longitude 51.4 West.  Sam is moving toward 
the northwest near 8 mph (13 km/h).  This general motion is expected 
to continue for the next several days, with an increase in forward 
speed beginning on Thursday.

Maximum sustained winds are near 130 mph (215 km/h) with higher 
gusts.  Sam is a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson 
Hurricane Wind Scale.  Little change in strength is expected during 
the next day or so.  Thereafter, some slow weakening is forecast 
through midweek, although Sam should remain a major hurricane.

Sam is a small hurricane.  Hurricane-force winds extend outward up 
to 30 miles (45 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds 
extend outward up to 105 miles (165 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 952 mb (28.12 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
SURF:  Swells generated by Sam will reach the Lesser Antilles today
and impact these islands for the next several days.  These swells
could cause life-threatening surf and rip current conditions. Please
consult products from your local weather office.

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  16
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
1100 AM AST Sun Sep 26 2021

...SAM CONTINUES MOVING SLOWLY WEST-NORTHWESTWARD AS A CATEGORY 4
HURRICANE...


SUMMARY OF 1100 AM AST...1500 UTC...INFORMATION
-----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...13.9N 50.2W
ABOUT 905 MI...1455 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...145 MPH...230 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...WNW OR 290 DEGREES AT 8 MPH...13 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...943 MB...27.85 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 1100 AM AST (1500 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 13.9 North, longitude 50.2 West.  Sam is moving toward the west-northwest near 8 mph.  This general motion is expected to continue today, followed by a turn toward the northwest on Monday.  Then, a northwestward motion is forecast to continue through 
midweek.

Maximum sustained winds are near 145 mph (230 km/h) with higher
gusts.  Sam is a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson
Hurricane Wind Scale.  Some fluctuations in intensity are expected
during the next day or so.  Thereafter, some slow weakening is
forecast.

Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 30 miles (45 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 90 miles (150 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 943 mb (27.85 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
SURF:  Swells generated by Sam are forecast to reach the Lesser
Antilles early this week. These swells could cause life-threatening
surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your
local weather office.

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  15
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
500 AM AST Sun Sep 26 2021

...SAM REMAINS A CATEGORY FOUR HURRICANE...
...FLUCTUATIONS IN INTENSITY LIKELY DURING THE NEXT DAY OR SO...


SUMMARY OF 500 AM AST...0900 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...13.8N 49.7W
ABOUT 940 MI...1510 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...145 MPH...230 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...WNW OR 295 DEGREES AT 8 MPH...13 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...943 MB...27.85 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 500 AM AST (0900 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located 
near latitude 13.8 North, longitude 49.7 West.  Sam is moving toward the west-northwest near 8 mph (13 km/h).  This general motion is expected to continue today, followed by a turn toward the northwest on Monday.  Then, a northwestward motion is forecast to continue through midweek.

Maximum sustained winds are near 145 mph (230 km/h) with higher 
gusts.  Sam is a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson 
Hurricane Wind Scale.  Some fluctuations in intensity are expected 
during the next day or so.  Thereafter, some slow weakening is 
forecast.

Sam is a small hurricane.  Hurricane-force winds extend outward up 
to 30 miles (45 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds 
extend outward up to 90 miles (150 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 943 mb (27.85 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
SURF:  Swells generated by Sam are forecast to reach the Lesser
Antilles early this week. These swells could cause life-threatening
surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your
local weather office.

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  14
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
1100 PM AST Sat Sep 25 2021

...NOAA HURRICANE HUNTER AIRCRAFT FINDS THAT SAM HAS CONTINUED TO
RAPIDLY INTENSIFY...
...FLUCTUATIONS IN INTENSITY LIKELY DURING THE NEXT DAY OR SO...


SUMMARY OF 1100 PM AST...0300 UTC...INFORMATION
-----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...13.5N 49.0W
ABOUT 990 MI...1595 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...145 MPH...230 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...WNW OR 295 DEGREES AT 8 MPH...13 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...943 MB...27.85 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 1100 PM AST (0300 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 13.5 North, longitude 49.0 West. Sam is moving toward
the west-northwest near 8 mph (13 km/h), and this general motion is 
forecast to continue through Sunday. A turn toward the northwest is 
expected on Monday.

Maximum sustained winds are near 145 mph (230 km/h) with higher
gusts.  Sam is a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson
Hurricane Wind Scale.  Fluctuations in intensity are likely into 
early next week.

Sam remains a small hurricane. Hurricane-force winds extend outward 
up to 30 miles (45 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force 
winds extend outward up to 105 miles (165 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure based on data from the NOAA
reconnaissance aircraft is 943 mb (27.85 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
SURF:  Swells generated by Sam are forecast to reach the Lesser
Antilles early next week. These swells could cause life-threatening
surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your
local weather office.


NEXT ADVISORY
-------------
Next complete advisory at 500 AM AST.

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  13
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
500 PM AST Sat Sep 25 2021

...SAM RAPIDLY INTENSIFIES TO A CATEGORY FOUR HURRICANE...
...SOME ADDITIONAL STRENGTHENING EXPECTED THROUGH TONIGHT...


SUMMARY OF 500 PM AST...2100 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...13.3N 48.5W
ABOUT 1025 MI...1655 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...140 MPH...220 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...WNW OR 290 DEGREES AT 10 MPH...17 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...943 MB...27.85 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 500 PM AST (2100 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 13.3 North, longitude 48.5 West. Sam is moving toward
the west-northwest near 10 mph (17 km/h). A slower motion to the
west-northwest is expected over the weekend, followed by a turn to
the northwest on Monday.

Maximum sustained winds have increased to near near 140 mph
(220 km/h) with higher gusts.  Sam is now a category 4 hurricane on
the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.  Additional strengthening
is expected through tonight. Some fluctuations in the hurricane's
intensity are then possible early next week.

Sam remains a small hurricane.  Hurricane-force winds extend
outward up to 30 miles (45 km) from the center and
tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 105 miles (165 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 943 mb (27.85 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
SURF:  Swells generated by Sam are forecast to reach the Lesser
Antilles early next week. These swells could cause life-threatening
surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your
local weather office.

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  12
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
1100 AM AST Sat Sep 25 2021

...SMALL BUT DANGEROUS SAM NOW A MAJOR HURRICANE...
...SOME ADDITIONAL STRENGTHENING EXPECTED THIS WEEKEND...


SUMMARY OF 1100 AM AST...1500 UTC...INFORMATION
-----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...12.9N 47.6W
ABOUT 1095 MI...1760 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...120 MPH...195 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...WNW OR 285 DEGREES AT 10 MPH...17 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...960 MB...28.35 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 1100 AM AST (1500 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 12.9 North, longitude 47.6 West. Sam is moving toward the west-northwest near 10 mph (17 km/h). A slower motion to the west-northwest is expected over the weekend, followed by a turn to the northwest on Monday. 

Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 120 mph (195 km/h) 
with higher gusts.  Sam is a category 3 hurricane on the 
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.  Additional strengthening is 
expected over the next day or so, and Sam is forecast to become a 
category 4 hurricane by Sunday. Some fluctuations in the hurricane's intensity are possible early next week. 

Sam is a small hurricane. Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 25 miles (35 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds 
extend outward up to 105 miles (165 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 960 mb (28.35 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
SURF:  Swells generated by Sam are forecast to reach the Lesser
Antilles early next week. These swells could cause life-threatening surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your local weather office.

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  11
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
500 AM AST Sat Sep 25 2021

...SAM ALMOST A MAJOR HURRICANE...
...ADDITIONAL STRENGTHENING EXPECTED...


SUMMARY OF 500 AM AST...0900 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...12.8N 46.7W
ABOUT 1150 MI...1855 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...110 MPH...175 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...WNW OR 290 DEGREES AT 13 MPH...20 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...973 MB...28.74 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 500 AM AST (0900 UTC), the eye of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 12.8 North, longitude 46.7 West. Sam is moving toward
the west-northwest near 13 mph (20 km/h). A slower motion to the 
west-northwest is expected over the weekend, followed by a turn to 
the northwest on Monday.

Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 110 mph (175 km/h) 
with higher gusts. Additional strengthening is forecast, and Sam is 
expected to become a major hurricane later today.

Sam is a small hurricane.  Hurricane-force winds extend outward up 
to 15 miles (30 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds 
extend outward up to 60 miles (95 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 973 mb (28.74 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
None.