All posts by W4GVL

Sam Advisory # 14

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  14
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
1100 PM AST Sat Sep 25 2021

...NOAA HURRICANE HUNTER AIRCRAFT FINDS THAT SAM HAS CONTINUED TO
RAPIDLY INTENSIFY...
...FLUCTUATIONS IN INTENSITY LIKELY DURING THE NEXT DAY OR SO...


SUMMARY OF 1100 PM AST...0300 UTC...INFORMATION
-----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...13.5N 49.0W
ABOUT 990 MI...1595 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...145 MPH...230 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...WNW OR 295 DEGREES AT 8 MPH...13 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...943 MB...27.85 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 1100 PM AST (0300 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 13.5 North, longitude 49.0 West. Sam is moving toward
the west-northwest near 8 mph (13 km/h), and this general motion is 
forecast to continue through Sunday. A turn toward the northwest is 
expected on Monday.

Maximum sustained winds are near 145 mph (230 km/h) with higher
gusts.  Sam is a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson
Hurricane Wind Scale.  Fluctuations in intensity are likely into 
early next week.

Sam remains a small hurricane. Hurricane-force winds extend outward 
up to 30 miles (45 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force 
winds extend outward up to 105 miles (165 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure based on data from the NOAA
reconnaissance aircraft is 943 mb (27.85 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
SURF:  Swells generated by Sam are forecast to reach the Lesser
Antilles early next week. These swells could cause life-threatening
surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your
local weather office.


NEXT ADVISORY
-------------
Next complete advisory at 500 AM AST.

Sam Advisory # 13

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  13
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
500 PM AST Sat Sep 25 2021

...SAM RAPIDLY INTENSIFIES TO A CATEGORY FOUR HURRICANE...
...SOME ADDITIONAL STRENGTHENING EXPECTED THROUGH TONIGHT...


SUMMARY OF 500 PM AST...2100 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...13.3N 48.5W
ABOUT 1025 MI...1655 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...140 MPH...220 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...WNW OR 290 DEGREES AT 10 MPH...17 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...943 MB...27.85 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 500 PM AST (2100 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 13.3 North, longitude 48.5 West. Sam is moving toward
the west-northwest near 10 mph (17 km/h). A slower motion to the
west-northwest is expected over the weekend, followed by a turn to
the northwest on Monday.

Maximum sustained winds have increased to near near 140 mph
(220 km/h) with higher gusts.  Sam is now a category 4 hurricane on
the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.  Additional strengthening
is expected through tonight. Some fluctuations in the hurricane's
intensity are then possible early next week.

Sam remains a small hurricane.  Hurricane-force winds extend
outward up to 30 miles (45 km) from the center and
tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 105 miles (165 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 943 mb (27.85 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
SURF:  Swells generated by Sam are forecast to reach the Lesser
Antilles early next week. These swells could cause life-threatening
surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your
local weather office.

Sam Advisory # 12

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  12
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
1100 AM AST Sat Sep 25 2021

...SMALL BUT DANGEROUS SAM NOW A MAJOR HURRICANE...
...SOME ADDITIONAL STRENGTHENING EXPECTED THIS WEEKEND...


SUMMARY OF 1100 AM AST...1500 UTC...INFORMATION
-----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...12.9N 47.6W
ABOUT 1095 MI...1760 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...120 MPH...195 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...WNW OR 285 DEGREES AT 10 MPH...17 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...960 MB...28.35 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 1100 AM AST (1500 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 12.9 North, longitude 47.6 West. Sam is moving toward the west-northwest near 10 mph (17 km/h). A slower motion to the west-northwest is expected over the weekend, followed by a turn to the northwest on Monday. 

Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 120 mph (195 km/h) 
with higher gusts.  Sam is a category 3 hurricane on the 
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.  Additional strengthening is 
expected over the next day or so, and Sam is forecast to become a 
category 4 hurricane by Sunday. Some fluctuations in the hurricane's intensity are possible early next week. 

Sam is a small hurricane. Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 25 miles (35 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds 
extend outward up to 105 miles (165 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 960 mb (28.35 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
SURF:  Swells generated by Sam are forecast to reach the Lesser
Antilles early next week. These swells could cause life-threatening surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your local weather office.

Sam Advisory # 11

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  11
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
500 AM AST Sat Sep 25 2021

...SAM ALMOST A MAJOR HURRICANE...
...ADDITIONAL STRENGTHENING EXPECTED...


SUMMARY OF 500 AM AST...0900 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...12.8N 46.7W
ABOUT 1150 MI...1855 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...110 MPH...175 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...WNW OR 290 DEGREES AT 13 MPH...20 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...973 MB...28.74 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 500 AM AST (0900 UTC), the eye of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 12.8 North, longitude 46.7 West. Sam is moving toward
the west-northwest near 13 mph (20 km/h). A slower motion to the 
west-northwest is expected over the weekend, followed by a turn to 
the northwest on Monday.

Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 110 mph (175 km/h) 
with higher gusts. Additional strengthening is forecast, and Sam is 
expected to become a major hurricane later today.

Sam is a small hurricane.  Hurricane-force winds extend outward up 
to 15 miles (30 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds 
extend outward up to 60 miles (95 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 973 mb (28.74 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
None.

Sam Advisory # 10

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number  10
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
1100 PM AST Fri Sep 24 2021

...SAM NOW A CATEGORY 2 HURRICANE...
...FORECAST TO BECOME A MAJOR HURRICANE ON SATURDAY...


SUMMARY OF 1100 PM AST...0300 UTC...INFORMATION
-----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...12.4N 45.9W
ABOUT 1215 MI...1950 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...100 MPH...155 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...WNW OR 285 DEGREES AT 14 MPH...22 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...982 MB...29.00 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 1100 PM AST (0300 UTC), the eye of Hurricane Sam was located
near latitude 12.4 North, longitude 45.9 West.  Sam is moving toward
the west-northwest near 14 mph (22 km/h).  A motion toward the west 
or west-northwest with a decrease in forward speed is expected 
over the weekend.  A turn toward the northwest is forecast on 
Monday.

Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 100 mph (155 km/h) 
with higher gusts.  Additional strengthening is forecast, and Sam 
is expected to become a major hurricane on Saturday.

Sam is a small hurricane.  Hurricane-force winds extend outward up 
to 15 miles (30 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds 
extend outward up to 60 miles (95 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 982 mb (29.00 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
None.

Sam Advisory # 8

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number   8
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
1100 AM AST Fri Sep 24 2021

...SAM TAKING A MOMENTARY PAUSE IN STRENGTHENING...
...RAPID INTENSIFICATION FORECAST TO RESUME SOON...


SUMMARY OF 1100 AM AST...1500 UTC...INFORMATION
-----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...11.8N 43.7W
ABOUT 1365 MI...2200 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...75 MPH...120 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...W OR 280 DEGREES AT 14 MPH...22 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...993 MB...29.33 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 1100 AM AST (1500 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located 
near latitude 11.8 North, longitude 43.7 West. Sam is moving just 
north of due west near 14 mph (22 km/h) and this motion is expected 
to continue through tonight.  A decrease in forward speed and a 
motion toward the west-northwest are expected over the weekend.

Maximum sustained winds remain near 75 mph (120 km/h) with higher 
gusts.  Rapid intensification is forecast to resume over the next 
several days and Sam is likely to become a major hurricane on 
Saturday.

Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 15 miles (30 km) from the
center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 60 miles
(95 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 993 mb (29.33 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
None.

Sam now a Hurricane. Advisory # 7

BULLETIN
Hurricane Sam Advisory Number   7
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
500 AM AST Fri Sep 24 2021

...SAM IS NOW A HURRICANE...
...RAPID INTENSIFICATION FORECAST TO CONTINUE...


SUMMARY OF 500 AM AST...0900 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...11.5N 42.2W
ABOUT 1470 MI...2365 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...75 MPH...120 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...W OR 280 DEGREES AT 15 MPH...24 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...993 MB...29.33 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 500 AM AST (0900 UTC), the center of Hurricane Sam was located 
near latitude 11.5 North, longitude 42.2 West. Sam is moving toward 
the west near 15 mph (24 km/h) and this motion is expected to 
continue through tonight.  A decrease in forward speed and a motion 
toward the west-northwest are expected over the weekend.

Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 75 mph (120 km/h) 
with higher gusts. Rapid intensification is forecast to continue, 
and Sam is likely to become a major hurricane tonight or early 
Saturday.  

Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 15 miles (30 km) from the
center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 60 miles
(95 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 993 mb (29.33 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
None.

TS Sam Advisory # 5

ULLETIN
Tropical Storm Sam Advisory Number   5
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
500 PM AST Thu Sep 23 2021

...SAM CONTINUES TO STRENGTHEN...
...RAPID INTENSIFICATION POSSIBLE OVER THE NEXT SEVERAL DAYS...


SUMMARY OF 500 PM AST...2100 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...11.1N 39.7W
ABOUT 1635 MI...2635 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...60 MPH...95 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...W OR 280 DEGREES AT 16 MPH...26 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...1000 MB...29.53 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 500 PM AST (2100 UTC), the center of Tropical Storm Sam was 
located near latitude 11.1 North, longitude 39.7 West. Sam is moving 
toward the west near 16 mph (26 km/h) and a general west to 
west-northwest motion is expected to continue over the next several 
days, with a gradual slowdown in forward motion.

Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 60 mph (95 km/h) with
higher gusts. Rapid intensification is forecast during the next
several days. Sam is forecast to become a hurricane tomorrow morning
and could become a major hurricane by Saturday.

Tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 60 miles (95 km)
from the center.

The estimated minimum central pressure is 1000 mb (29.53 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
None.

TS Sam Advisory #4

BULLETIN
Tropical Storm Sam Advisory Number   4
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
1100 AM AST Thu Sep 23 2021

...DEPRESSION STRENGTHENS INTO TROPICAL STORM SAM, THE 18TH NAMED
STORM OF THE SEASON...
...NOW FORECAST TO BECOME A HURRICANE TOMORROW...


SUMMARY OF 1100 AM AST...1500 UTC...INFORMATION
-----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...10.9N 38.1W
ABOUT 1745 MI...2805 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...50 MPH...85 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...W OR 280 DEGREES AT 16 MPH...26 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...1003 MB...29.62 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 1100 AM AST (1500 UTC), the center of Tropical Storm Sam was
located near latitude 10.9 North, longitude 38.1 West. Sam is moving
toward the west near 16 mph (26 km/h) and this general motion is
expected to continue over the next several days, but with a gradual
slowdown in forward motion.

Recent sallite wind data indicates maximum sustained winds have
increased to near 50 mph (85 km/h) with higher gusts. Additional
strengthening is forecast over the next several days, and Sam is now
forecast to become a hurricane tomorrow and be near major hurricane
intensity by the end of the weekend.

Tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 45 miles (75 km)
from the center.

The estimated minimum central pressure is 1003 mb (29.62 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
None.

TD 18, Advisory # 2

BULLETIN
Tropical Depression Eighteen Advisory Number   2
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL182021
1100 PM AST Wed Sep 22 2021

...TROPICAL DEPRESSION EXPECTED TO TAKE ITS TIME CROSSING THE
TROPICAL ATLANTIC...
...LOTS OF TIME TO MONITOR...


SUMMARY OF 1100 PM AST...0300 UTC...INFORMATION
-----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...10.2N 35.0W
ABOUT 1955 MI...3150 KM ESE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...35 MPH...55 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...W OR 275 DEGREES AT 15 MPH...24 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...1008 MB...29.77 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 1100 PM AST (0300 UTC), the center of Tropical Depression
Eighteen was located near latitude 10.2 North, longitude 35.0 West.
The depression is moving toward the west near 15 mph (24 km/h), and
this general motion is expected to continue through early Friday.  
A slower motion toward the west-northwest is expected later on 
Friday and continuing into the weekend.

Maximum sustained winds are near 35 mph (55 km/h) with higher gusts.
Strengthening is forecast during the next few days, and the 
depression could become a tropical storm on Thursday.  It is then 
forecast to become a hurricane over the weekend.

The estimated minimum central pressure is 1008 mb (29.77 inches).


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
None.